Energetics of nanocrystalline TiO2
- M. R. Ranade*,
- A. Navrotsky*,†,
- H. Z. Zhang‡,
- J. F. Banfield‡,
- S. H. Elder§,
- A. Zaban¶,
- P. H. Borse∥,
- S. K. Kulkarni∥,
- G. S. Doran**, and
- H. J. Whitfield††
- *University of California, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Thermochemistry Facility, Davis, CA 95616;‡ University of Wisconsin, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Madison, WI 53706; §Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR 97124; ¶Bar-Ilan University, Department of Chemistry, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; ∥University of Pune, Department of Physics, Pune 411007, India; **CSIRO Manufacturing Science and Technology Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia; and†† Department of Applied Physics, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Contributed by A. Navrotsky
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Fig 1.Enthalpy of nanocrystalline samples with respect to bulk rutile (kJ/mol) versus surface area (m2/mol) for nanorutile samples NR1–NR3 (a), for nanoanatase samples NA1–NA4 (b), and normalized nanoanatase–rutile mixtures NAR1–NAR6 (dashed curves represent 95% confidence limits for the mean) for nanobrookite sample NB and brookite–rutile phase transformation from Mitsuhashi and Kleppa (6) (c), and phase stability crossover of titania. The lines are taken from a–c and the darker line segments indicate the energetically stable phases (d).
Footnotes
- Copyright © 2002, The National Academy of Sciences
