Nuclear reprogramming and stem cell creation

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   Fig. 1.

   Diagrams to show the time scale of nuclear reprogramming in Xenopus and the mouse. (A) Oogenesis and early development of Xenopus. (B) In Xenopus egg nuclear transfers, reprogrammed gene expression is seen at the late blastula stage after at least 12 cell division cycles. (C) In Xenopus oocyte nuclear transfers, reprogrammed gene expression is seen in the complete absence of DNA replication and cell division. (D) In mouse nuclear transfer to eggs, reprogrammed gene expression has been seen at the blastocyst stage.