Rogers and Ehrlich 1010.1073/pnas.0711802105
Fig. 4. Wilcoxan Signed Ranks Randomization for Jaccard Distances. Selection of 38 symbolic and 96 functional traits was randomized 10,000 times, and the resulting Wilcoxan Signed Ranks test statistic calculated for Jaccard Distances. The actual test statistic value of -5.8734 was exceeded only 56 times in 10,000 (P = 0.0056), showing that the evolution of symbolic traits is significantly faster than that of functional traits.
Table 1. Island Groups Used in Study
|
CODE |
Island Group |
Other Associated Names |
|
AUST |
Austral Islands & Rapa (p. 146-156)* |
"Tubuai Islands": Rapa, Tubuai, Rurutu, Oheteroa, Raivavae, Rimatara, Maria (= Hull) |
|
COOK |
Cook Islands (P. 156-176) |
"Southern Cooks": Atiu, Mitiaro, Mauke, Mangaia, Rarotonga, Aitutaki |
|
FIJI |
Fiji (p. 304-336) |
Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Yasawa, Kadavu, Lomaiviti, Lau, etc. |
|
HAWA |
Hawaii (p. 6-26) |
Hawaii, Maui, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, Niihau |
|
MANI |
Manihiki Area (p. 176-194) |
"Northern Cooks": Manihiki, Rakahanga, Tongareva (= Penrhyn), Pukapuka |
|
MARQ |
Marquesas Islands (p. 29-50) |
Tahuata, Hakaui, Uapou, Nukuhiva, Hivaoa, Fatuhiva |
|
NEWZ |
New Zealand (p. 194-217) |
"Aotearoa", Maori |
|
SAMO |
Samoa (p. 223-247) |
Western Samoa, American Samoa, Savaii, Upolu, Tutuila, Manua |
|
SOCI |
Society Islands (p. 103-146) |
"French Polynesia": Tahiti, Moorea, Bora Bora, Raiatea, Maeha'a, Tira, Tipairua, Va'a ti'I, Pahi, Huahine |
|
TONG |
Tonga (p. 253-274) |
Niua, Vavau, Haapai, Otu Tolu, Tongatapu, Eua, Nomuka, Lulunga, Tofua |
|
TUAM |
Tuamotu Archipelago (p. 50-91) |
Napuka, Tikei, Reao, Pukarua, Vanavana, Vahitahi, Nukutavake, Tepoto, Tatakoto, Takaroa, Vairaatea, Makemo, Rangiroa, Magareva (Mangareva; Gambier Islands) |
* page numbers from Haddon & Hornell, 1936-38 (1)