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Applied Physical Sciences
Increase in signal-to-noise ratio of > 10,000 times in liquid-state NMR
Amersham Health Research and Development AB, Medeon, SE-205 12 Malmö, Sweden
Communicated by Albert W. Overhauser, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, June 20, 2003 (received for review April 16, 2003)
A method for obtaining strongly polarized nuclear spins in solution has
been developed. The method uses low temperature, high magnetic field, and
dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to strongly polarize nuclear spins in the
solid state. The solid sample is subsequently dissolved rapidly in a suitable
solvent to create a solution of molecules with hyperpolarized nuclear spins.
The polarization is performed in a DNP polarizer, consisting of a
super-conducting magnet (3.35 T) and a liquid-helium cooled sample space. The
sample is irradiated with microwaves at 
94 GHz. Subsequent to
polarization, the sample is dissolved by an injection system inside the DNP
magnet. The dissolution process effectively preserves the nuclear
polarization. The resulting hyperpolarized liquid sample can be transferred to
a high-resolution NMR spectrometer, where an enhanced NMR signal can be
acquired, or it may be used as an agent for in vivo imaging or
spectroscopy. In this article we describe the use of the method on aqueous
solutions of [13C]urea. Polarizations of 37% for 13C and
7.8% for 15N, respectively, were obtained after the dissolution.
These polarizations correspond to an enhancement of 44,400 for 13C
and 23,500 for 15N, respectively, compared with thermal equilibrium
at 9.4 T and room temperature. The method can be used generally for signal
enhancement and reduction of measurement time in liquid-state NMR and opens up
for a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications of
DNP-enhanced NMR.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jan.henrik.ardenkjaerlarsen{at}amersham.com.
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